IDENTIFICATION OF FIELD CROPS

IDENTIFICATION OF FIELD CROPS

DEFINITION OF CROP :

A plant that is grown with proper care and management for its economic value, is termed as crop.

It is very difficult to give a precise definition of crop but it has some characteristics-

i. Crop must be cultivated species.

ii. It must have economic value.

Crop is an agreement of individual plants grown on a particular location usually of the same species or variety and have same economic value.

Agronomic crops or field crop :

The crop which are grown together with less care, usually in large areas and harvested in bulk, is termed as agronomic crops.

Horticultural crops:

Crops that are grown with tensive care.

Definition of identification :

Identification is the architecture by which one can differentiate various objects or organism (plants, animals) from each other considering their typical characteristics and functions morphology.

Identification of Crop :

Identification of crop is an art through which unwanted plants can be separated out from the cropped area. Crops of different species are also separated out on basis of their morphological features.

Importance of identification of crops :

Unwanted plants in crop field often results in severe competition for space, light, nutrients etc. and the quality of the produce is impaired. So, crops and non crop species should be identified for successful crop production and better yield.

Classification of crops:

Classification is an acceptable product of scientific studies and is obviously based on well defined characteristics or concepts that separate one group from another.

On the basis of use of crop plants and their products, crop can be classified as follows-

Cereal crops :

Cereals are the cultivated grasses grown for their edible starchy grains under gramineae family examples :

Cammon Name	E.N.	Scientific Name		Family
1. Dhan	Rice	Oryze	Sative	Gramineae Poaceae
2. Gam	Wheat	Triticum	aestivum	,,
3. Bhuta	Maize/corn	Zea	mays	,,
4. Jab	Barley	Hordeum	Vulgare	,,
5. Jowar	Sorghum	Sorghum	Vulgare	,,
6. Cheena	Little Millet	Pannicum	Millare/Miliaceum	,,
7. Bajra	Pearl Millet	Pennisetum	Typhoideum	,,
8. Oat	Oat	Averra	Sativa	,,
9. Ka	Gitalian	Seteria	italica	,,

Millets: Millets are the small grained cereals and have a single cover (due to fusion of testa to the pericorp) Such as – Bajra, Cheena, Kaon.

B. Fibre Crops :

Crops that are grown for the production of fibre.

1. Deshipat	Jute (deshi)	Corchorus	Capsularis	Tillaceae
2. Toshapat	Jute (Tosha)	S.	Otitorius	,,
3. Mesta pat	Mesta/Rozelle	Hibisucs	Sab darifa	Mal value
4. Shan pat	Sunhemp	Crotalaria	Juncea	Legu mikos
5. Kenaf	Kenaf	Hibiscus	Cannabinus	Mat
6. Tola	Cotton	Gossypium	SPP	Malvacee

C. Oil seed crop :

Crop that produce seeds of high latty acids contents, used to extract vegetable oil is termed as oil seed crop.

Common Name	E.	S. N		Family
1. Sarisha	Mustard	Brassica B. Nigra (Black) B. Compestris (Born) B. Juncea (Indian)	SPP	Crucifer
2. Cheenabadam	Groundnut	Arachis	hypogea	Leguminasea
3. Till	Sesame	Sesamum	Indicum	Pedaliaceae
4. Tishi	Linseed	Linum	Usitatissimum	Linaceae
5. Soybean	Soybean	Ghycine	Max	Leguminse
6. Surgamukhi	Sunflower	Helianthus	Annus	Composite
7. Garjan til	Niger	Guizortia	abyssinice	,,
8. Castor veneda	Castor	Rieinus	Communis	Euphorbiacea
* Oil Palm		Elaeis	Ghineesis	Palmae
9. Kusumphul	Safflower	Carthomus	tinetorius	Corp

D. Pulse

Seeds of leguminous crop plants used as food especially for the supplementation of protein.

Common Name	English Name	Scientific Name		Family
1. Musor	lentil	lens	esculents	culinary
2. Motor	pea	Pisum	Sativum	Leguminosae
3. Mug	Munghean	Vigna	Radiata	,,
4. Maskolai	Backgram	Vigna	Mungo	,,
5. Chola	Gram	Cricer	Arietinum	,,
6. Arhar	Pigeon pea	Cajanas	Cajan	,,
7. Cowpea	Cowpea	Vigna	Sinensis	Unguiculate
8. Khessari	Grass pea	Lathyrus	Sativus	,,

E. Sugar yielding crops :

Crops grown for the production of sugar.

1. AKH	Sugarcane	Saccharum	Officinarum	Gramine
2. Sugar beet	Sugarbeet	Beta	Valgaris	Chenopodiaceae
3. Khejur	Date palm	phoenix	sylvestri	Palmae
4. Tal	Palmira	Borassus	Flabellifee	,,

F. Narcotic Crop :

Crop plants or other products that are used for stimulating, numbing, drowsing or relishing effects are known as Narconic crops.

1. Tamak	Totacco	Nicotiana	Tabacum	Solanaceae
2. Gaja	Indian hepm	Cannabis	Sativa	Urticaceae

G. Beverage :

Products are used as mild, agreeable and stimulating liquors meant for drinking.

1. Cha Tea These / Camellia SPP Theaceae

i. S Sinensis Ternstroemiceae

ii. S Viridis

2. Coffee Coffee Coffee Arabica Rubiacea

3. Cacao Cacao Theabroma Cacao Stereuliaceae

H. Fodder Crops: Vegetative matter eitheir freshor crop who products preserved used as feed for animal is called fooder crop

1. Maize	Maize	Zea	Mays	Gramineae
2. Sorghum	Sorghum	Sorghum	Valgare
3. Bazre	Bazra	Pennisetum	typhoideum	,,
4. Job	Barley	Hordeum	Vulgare	,,
5. Napier grass		Pennisetum	Purpureum	,,
6. Guinea	Panicum	Purureum		,,
7. Para grass	Brachiaria	Mutica		,,
8. Alfalfa	Medicago	Sativa	Leguminozea	,,
9. Cowpea	Cowpea	Vigua	sinensus	Logunivoze
10. Grasspea		Lathyrus	Sativus	,,
11. Maskolai	Blackgram	Vigua	Mango	,,

I. Green maturing crop :

The crop plants that are used for the incorporation into the soil as green state to add organic matter for improving the physical properties and fertility status of soil.

1. Dhaincha	Dhaincha	Sesbania	Aculeata	Leguminosea
2. Sonpat	Sunhemp	Crotalaria	Junea	,,
3. Cowpea	Cowpea	Vigna	Sinesis	,,
4. Motor	Pea	Pisum	Sativum	,,
5. Maskolai	Black gram	Vigna	Mango	,,